The pollen viability of all five pollen parents decreased slowly across all stages at − 20 ☌ and decreased rapidly at 25 ☌ and 4 ☌. altaica has the largest pollen and the highest germination rate (65.23%) compared with any other four species. altaica and five cultivars had closer genetic relationship than the other four wild species. The chromosome count and karyotype of hybrids were also examined. In this experiment, pollen size and germinability, pollen storage life, stigma receptivity, fruit-setting, hybrid seed germination and bulblet formation were observed. schrenkii Regel., to explore the cross-compatibility between tulip cultivars and wild species. The interspecific hybridization was performed between five tulip cultivars, including ‘Judith Leyster,’ ‘World’s Favorite,’ ‘Heart of Poland,’ ‘Crispa Fabio’ and ‘Jumbo Pink,’ and five wild species, including Tulipa thianschanica Regel, T.
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